Medicine tablet definition and essential quality of a tablet

Tablet

TABLET: 

               Tablets may be defined as solid pharmaceutical dosage forms containing drug substances with or without suitable diluents and prepared either by compression or molding  methods. Although it is possible to manufacture in a range of shape, official tablets are defined as circular sizes with either flat or convex .

Tablet

   Essential quality of a tablet :

·          They should be accurate and uniform in weight.

·         The drugs should be uniform distributed through the tablets.

·         The size and shape should be reasonable for easy administration.( range 3/16’’ to ½’’)

·         The tablets should not be too hard that it may not be disintegration in the stomach.

·         They should not be any incompatibilities.

·         They should be chemically , physically and microbiologically stable during storage.

·         They should be attractive in appearance.

·         After administration it should disintegrate readily.

·         They should be easy and economic in production.

Read More

What is hypertension and types of hypertension

Hypertension :

                    Hypertension is a clinical condition characterized by persistence rise of blood pressure above the normal range in respect of age and sex. Hypertension occurs when diastolic pressure is greater than 90 mm of Hg and systolic pressure is above 140 mm of Hg.

Hypertension is of 2 types :

1.      Primary or essential hypertension
2.    Secondary hypertension

Primary / Essential Hypertension :

      When arterial blood pressure persistently exceeds 150/90 or 160/100 mm of Hg. Its cause is unknown.

Secondary Hypertension:

                  It is due to other disease, as renal diseases, phaeochromocytoma by excess secration of glucocorticoids by coarctation of aorta.     

Read More

Classification of Penicillin with source and function

Classification of Penicillin

According to the source :

A)     Natural penicillin

Oral: (1) Phenoxy-methyl-penicillin ( Penicillin- v), (2) Phenethicillin

penicillin

Parenteral : Benzyl penicillin ( Penicillin-G ).

B)      Semisynthetic  penicillin (β-lactamase resistance)

1)      Narrow spectrum penicillin ( penicillinase resistance ):

Oxacillin ,Cloxacillin, Flucloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Methicillin

2)      Broad spectrum penicillin :

a)      Penicillin which are active against both Gram (+ve) and Gram (-ve) bacteria and also effective apart from the organism  (H. influenza, E.coli) sensitive to penicillin-G:

Ampicillin, Amoxacillin, Hetacillin.

b)      Penicillin having borader actions than the above group :

Carbenicillin, Tricarcillin, Azlocillin

c)       Newer penicillin :

Mezlocillin, Pivmecillin, Piperacillin .

According to the duration of action :

1)      Short acting penicillin (4-6 hours) : most of the penicillin:

Ampicillin, Amoxacillin , Penicillin-V, Penicillin-G, Hetacillin, Carbenicillin, Tricarcillin , Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, Piperacillin.

2)      Long acting penicillin :

Benzyl penicillin (7-30 days ), Benethamine penicillin (2-3 days), Procaine penicillin (12-24hours)      

Read More

Rickets disease and changes in rickets

Rickets

Rickets

Features of Rickets : 

Rickets

                 This occurs in children who are not exposed to sunlight and whose diet is deficient in vitamin D as well . Typically this was (it is no longer common in western world ) thus a disease of the poor European children .

The changes in rickets are follows :

·           In the bone , the calcium content is low and the bones becomes  therefore soft. Such bones bow when they bear weight as in femur and tibia.

·         The process of ossification in cartilaginous bone is retarded . Normally the cartilage is first calcified, then removed and then new bones are deposited. In rickets, the calcification of the cartilage is poor , the cartilage cells continue to proliferate and the shaft becomes broad and irregular.

Rarely the rickets may be due to disease ( destruction ) of the kidney ( renal rickets ).   

Read More