Classification of Penicillin with source and function

Classification of Penicillin

According to the source :

A)     Natural penicillin

Oral: (1) Phenoxy-methyl-penicillin ( Penicillin- v), (2) Phenethicillin

penicillin

Parenteral : Benzyl penicillin ( Penicillin-G ).

B)      Semisynthetic  penicillin (β-lactamase resistance)

1)      Narrow spectrum penicillin ( penicillinase resistance ):

Oxacillin ,Cloxacillin, Flucloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Methicillin

2)      Broad spectrum penicillin :

a)      Penicillin which are active against both Gram (+ve) and Gram (-ve) bacteria and also effective apart from the organism  (H. influenza, E.coli) sensitive to penicillin-G:

Ampicillin, Amoxacillin, Hetacillin.

b)      Penicillin having borader actions than the above group :

Carbenicillin, Tricarcillin, Azlocillin

c)       Newer penicillin :

Mezlocillin, Pivmecillin, Piperacillin .

According to the duration of action :

1)      Short acting penicillin (4-6 hours) : most of the penicillin:

Ampicillin, Amoxacillin , Penicillin-V, Penicillin-G, Hetacillin, Carbenicillin, Tricarcillin , Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, Piperacillin.

2)      Long acting penicillin :

Benzyl penicillin (7-30 days ), Benethamine penicillin (2-3 days), Procaine penicillin (12-24hours)      

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What is penicillin and Source of Penicillin

PENICILLINS

It is the oldest member of bactericidal antibiotics . Sir Alexander  Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.

In 1940 Chain , Folery and their  associates first produce significant quantities  of penicillin from cultures of Penicillium  notatum . 

Penicillins are lipid insoluble. 

penicillin

Cannot cross the blood brain barrier.

Can cross the placental barrier.

Source of Penicillin :

1. Natural : Penicillum notatum (previously)

penicillin

Penicillium chrysogennum (now a day )

2. Synthetic.

3. Semisynthetic.

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