Digestive System and It's purpose as well as function

Digestion: Digestive may be defined as a physiological process by which complex food particles are broken down into simple form, suitable for absorption and subsequent utilization.

Purpose of digestion

   Supply energy to the body for activity

   For the growth of the body

   For the repair of ware and tear

   For the reproduction and lactation.

Digestive system 

   

Parts of digestive system

  Mouth or buccal cavity with tongue

  Oropharynx

  Esophagus

  Stomach

  Small intestine –Duodenum, Jejunum and ileum .

  Large intestine – Caecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Rectum, Anal canal.

Accessory parts of digestive system

Teeth

Salivary glands – Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual.

Liver

Pancreas

Gall bladder

Other digestive glands in the wall of the digestive tract.

Alimentary tract : Extend from mouth to anus with their associated glands.

              Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) : Extend from stomach to anus.

Function of digestive tract

Ingestion of food

Digestion of food

Secretion of various digestive juice .

Excretion of heavy metals, toxins etc.

Helps in movement of food through it.

Regulation f acid base balance.

Regulation of water balance.

Regulation of blood sugar level.

Helps in erythropoiesis.

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Physiological Anatomy of the Kidney

Physiological Anatomy of the Kidney 

Kidney 

General Organization of the kidneys and Urinary Tract ..

The two kidneys lie on the posterior wall of the abdomen, outside the peritoneal cavity . Each kidney of the adult human weights about 150gm  and is about the size of a clenched first. The medial side of each kidney contains an inverted region called the hilum through which pass the renal artery and vein, lymphatic’s , nerve supply and ureter that carries the final urine from the kidney to the bladder, where it is stored until emptied,. If the kidney is bisected from top to bottom the two major regions that can be visualized are the outer cortex and the inner region referred to as the medulla. 

Kidney

  The medulla of the kidney is divided into multiple cone shaped masses of tissue called renal pyramids. The base of each pyramid originates at the border between the cortex and medulla as well as terminates in the papilla which projects into the space of the renal pelvis, a funnel-shaped continuation of the upper end  of the ureter. The outer border of the pelvis  is divided into open ended pouches called major  calices that extend downward and divide into minor calices , which collect urine from the tubules of each papilla. The walls of the calices pelvis and ureter contain contain  contractile elements that propel the urine toward the bladder where urine  is stored until it is emptied by micturition.

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What is anesthetics and it's types

Anesthetics-

                  Anesthetics  are the agents that induces loss of pain

 and sensation along with loss of reflexes.

There are two kinds of anesthetics:  1) Local anesthetics , 2) General anesthetics .

anesthetic_ humananatomyall.blogspot.com

Local Anesthetics  :  Local anesthetics are the agents which are used for producing transient and reversible loss sensation in a localized area without affecting the degree of consciousness.

General Anesthetic s :  A general anesthetic is a drug that brings about a reversible loss of consciousness. These drug are generally administered by an anesthesia provider to induce or maintain general anesthesia to facilitate surgery. The mechanism of action of general anesthetics are not well understand.    

anesthetic _ humananatomyall.blogspot.com

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functional importance of carbohydrates

carbohydrates

Functional importance of carbohydrate

·         Ready source of energy .

·       -  It also constitutes the structural material of the organism.

·      -   Acts as important storage of food material of the body.

·    -     Protein and fat metabolized on the back ground of carbohydrate.

·        - It gives nutrition to the nervous tissue & retina.

·       -  It prevents ketosis.

·      -   Carbohydrate is a protein sparer, that is -carbohydrate is burned in preference to the burning of protein.  

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