Volatile oil and its properties

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What is Protein & its properties , functions

Protein Protein is complex organic nitrogenous compound composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Sources : Meats , Fish , Milk , Egg, Vegetables etc. protien foods Properties of protein : ·         Protein are colloidal in nature. ·         They are generally soluble in water , weak  salt solution, dilute acids and alkalies. ·         Protein...

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Mechanism of action of Penicillin

Mechanism of action of Penicillin             Penicillin first binds with specific penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) that serves as drug receptor on bacteria. Then – Ø  Penicillin acts as a selective inhibitor of transpeptidase enzyme . So the transpeptidation (cross-linking) reaction is inhibited and peptidoglycine synthesis is blocked. As a result a fragile cell membrane is formed and thus cell membrane...

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General structure of penicillin

                   Structure of Penicillin                 Penicillin consists of a Thiazolidine ring (α) attached to a β – lactam ring .  The rings constitute the fundamental nucleus of all the penicillin called 6-amino-penicillanic acid (6-APA).  β- lactam ring carries a free amino group to which acid radical can be attached to synthesis a...

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Indication of Penicillin

Indication of Penicillin A)    Pneumococcal  infection : ·        Pneumococcal pneumonia ·        Pneumococcal empyema ·        Pneumococcal meningitis ·        Other pneumococcal infections Suppurative arthritis , Osteomyelitis , Acute suppurative mastoiditis , Peritonitis. B)   ...

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Pharmaceutical Aids and Technical Products

Pharmaceutical Aids and Technical Products     A number of natural products find use in various fields in addition to medicine and pharmacy. These products are called technical products which are used in beverages, condiments, flavoring agent spices , paints ,varnishes and cosmetics. pharmaceutical aids Pharmaceutical aids  For the production of drug various techniques like as purification, filtration, adsorption, solubilization,...

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Classification of Penicillin with source and function

Classification of Penicillin According to the source : A)     Natural penicillin Oral: (1) Phenoxy-methyl-penicillin ( Penicillin- v), (2) Phenethicillin penicillin Parenteral : Benzyl penicillin ( Penicillin-G ). B)      Semisynthetic  penicillin (β-lactamase resistance) 1)      Narrow spectrum penicillin ( penicillinase resistance ): Oxacillin ,Cloxacillin,...

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What is penicillin and Source of Penicillin

PENICILLINS It is the oldest member of bactericidal antibiotics . Sir Alexander  Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. In 1940 Chain , Folery and their  associates first produce significant quantities  of penicillin from cultures of Penicillium  notatum .  Penicillins are lipid insoluble.  penicillin Cannot cross the blood brain barrier. Can cross the placental barrier. Source of Penicillin : 1. Natural...

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functional importance of carbohydrates

carbohydrates Functional importance of carbohydrate ·         Ready source of energy . ·       -  It also constitutes the structural material of the organism. ·      -   Acts as important storage of food material of the body. ·    -     Protein and fat metabolized on the back ground of carbohydrate. ·     ...

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Rickets disease and changes in rickets

Rickets Rickets Features of Rickets :  Rickets                  This occurs in children who are not exposed to sunlight and whose diet is deficient in vitamin D as well . Typically this was (it is no longer common in western world ) thus a disease of the poor European children . The changes in rickets are follows : ·           In the bone , the...

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Spinal cord

SPINAL CORD - The spinal cord is the part of CNS which is contained within the vertebral canal & is the prolongation of the brain.It  is surrounded by a clear fluid called Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), that acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae. The anatomy of the spinal cord itself, consists of millions of nerve fibres which transmit electrical...

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Structure of eye

The eye is a very complex organ that sends a huge amount of information to the brain. It has a very specific design to capture and analyze light. In its simplest description, the eye is a box, with a lens to focus the light that enters it, and cells to process the light.It is a window to our emotions, and some say, to the soul. Explore the complexities of the human eye.                      ...

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Human ear

The ear is the organ that detects sound. It not only receives sound, but also aids in balance and body position. The ear is part of the auditory system. It has external, middle, and inner portions. The outer ear is called the pinna and is made of ridged cartilage covered by skin. Sound funnels through the pinna into the external auditory canal, a short tube  that ends at the eardrum (tympanic membrane). Human Ear: The human ear has three...

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Blood types

                                    Blood is a specialized fluid connective tissue in which there is liquid intercellular substance (plasma) and formed elements - (RBC,WBC and platelets ) suspended in the plasma which circulates in closed system of blood vessels. It is red , thick and slightly alkaline.              ...

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Vitamins essential

Vitamin:Vitamin means vital amine . Vitamin may be defined as a protent organic compounds which is found in food in variable  and minute quantity and must supplied to the animal organism from external sources, so that specific physiological function vital to life may go on normally .*Vitamins *  Depending upon their solubility in water , fat  and oils as well as fat solvent vitamins are divided into (two) 2 groups :  Fat soluble...

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Eye anatomy

The human eye is the organ which gives us the sense of sight, allowing us to observe and learn more about the surrounding world than we do with any of the other four senses.  We use our eyesreading, working,  writing a letter, driving a car,watching televisionand in countless other ways.The eye is a slightly asymmetrical globe, about an inch in diameter. The front part of the eye (the part you see in the mirror) includes: 1.The iris. 2.The cornea. 3.The pupil. 4.The sclera. 5.The conjunctiva. ...

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Cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular System:  The cardiovascular system includes the heart and the blood vessels. The heart pumps blood, and the blood vessels channel and deliver it throughout the body. Arteries carry blood filled with nutrients away from the heart to all parts of the body. The blood is sometimes compared to a river, but the arteries are more like a river in reverse. Arteries are thick-walled tubes with a circular covering of...

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